Chapter 2

1. Which type of exposure would result from needlestick punctures or injection of high-pressure gases and liquids into the body?

2. What is the term for an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life, or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects?

3. Which of the following refers to direct contact with a chemical through skin absorption?

4. Exposure to various types and doses of hazardous materials over a period of years is associated with:

5. Which route of exposure can be enhanced due to abrasions, cuts, heat, and moisture, and can have varying rates of exposure depending on the body parts exposed?

6. A ______ effect occurs when a chemical enters the bloodstream and attacks internal areas of the human body.

7. The level of toxicity at which the concentration of an inhaled substance results in death among 50% of the test population is known as the:

8. Infrared waves, radio waves, and visible light are all examples of _______ radiation, which is also characterized by its lack of energy to remove electrons from atoms.

9. Inhalation of corrosive gases causing burns or acute swelling to the upper respiratory tract is a result of which category of harm to the human body?

10. Which method of exposure allows hazardous materials such as corrosives to immediately damage skin or body tissue on contact?

11. What can happen to the human body when exposed to dose rates that reach and exceed the threshold levels?

12. Low exposures to hazardous chemicals, repeated multiple times over many years, would best describe what type of exposure?

13. Which of the following best describes exposure to a single dose of highly toxic chemicals during emergency response?

14. The level of toxicity at which the concentration of an ingested, absorbed, or injected substance results in death among 50% of the test population is known as the:

15. The human body’s response to a chemical may be influenced by four factors. Which of the following is NOT one of those factors?

16. Which of the following is NOT considered a common method of exposure?

17. Of the four types of radiation, which can travel several yards in air and penetrate paper and human skin?

18. _____ is defined as the ability of a substance to cause injury to biological organisms.

19. A responder is exhibiting signs and symptoms of exposure as she is resting in rehab after performing control functions at a hazardous materials incident. Which of the following best describes this situation?

20. Harm to the human body that results from direct contact with fragments from a blast or container is known as:

21. Which type of harm to the human body involves exposure to either hot or cold temperatures?

22. What is the term for the 15-minute, time-weighted average exposure that should not be exceeded at any one time, nor be repeated more than 4 times daily with a 60-minute rest period between each exposure?

23. Routes of exposure are a prime way for hazardous materials to enter the body and cause harm. The route of exposure that is most common and dangerous is:

24. Prohibiting personnel from drinking, eating, or smoking except in designated areas, such as rehab, after decontamination will prevent exposure through:

25. 26. What is the term for the maximum concentration that should not be exceeded, even instantaneously?

26. What is the term for the maximum airborne concentration of a material to which an average healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for 8 hours each day, 40 hours a week, without suffering irreversible effects?

27. The term for a systemic poison that causes genetic damage to cells or organisms is:

28. The term for a systemic poison that attacks the central nervous system is:

29. There are three basic atmospheres at an incident involving hazardous materials. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

30. The term for a systemic poison that attacks the blood system is: